Scientific

Constante de Boltzmann

Definição

Uma constante física fundamental com o valor exato de 1,380649 × 10⁻²³ J/K, relacionando a energia cinética térmica média das partículas à temperatura absoluta.

Explicação

The average kinetic energy of a gas molecule is (3/2)k₂T: at room temperature (293 K), this is 6.07 × 10⁻²¹ J = 0.038 eV per molecule. Since 2019, the kelvin is defined by fixing k₂ to exactly 1.380649 × 10⁻²³ J/K. The Boltzmann constant also appears in entropy (S = k₂ ln W) and the ideal gas law, connecting thermodynamics to statistical mechanics.

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