体质指数（BMI）
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定义
体质指数（BMI）是一种筛查指标，计算方法为体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方（kg/m²）。
解释
Developed by Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet around 1832, BMI was intended as a population-level statistical tool, not an individual diagnostic. The WHO defines underweight as BMI below 18.5, normal weight as 18.5–24.9, overweight as 25–29.9, and obese as 30 and above. BMI does not distinguish muscle from fat and has been criticized for systematically misclassifying athletes and underestimating health risks in some ethnic groups.
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