标准状况（STP）
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定义
IUPAC气体测量参考状态：0°C（273.15 K）和101.325 kPa（1 atm），在此条件下1摩尔理想气体占22.414升。
解释
Standard conditions allow meaningful comparison of gas volumes and reaction rates across laboratories. One mole of oxygen at STP occupies 22.414 L; at room temperature (25°C, 100 kPa) — the newer IUPAC standard conditions — it occupies 24.789 L, about 10.6% more. Always check which standard a source uses, since older chemistry texts use 0°C while newer ones use 25°C.
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