標準状態（STP）
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定義
気体測定のためのIUPAC基準状態：0°C（273.15 K）および101.325 kPa（1 atm）。この条件下で理想気体1モルは22.414 Lを占める。
解説
Standard conditions allow meaningful comparison of gas volumes and reaction rates across laboratories. One mole of oxygen at STP occupies 22.414 L; at room temperature (25°C, 100 kPa) — the newer IUPAC standard conditions — it occupies 24.789 L, about 10.6% more. Always check which standard a source uses, since older chemistry texts use 0°C while newer ones use 25°C.
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