Measurement

Zufälliger Fehler

Definition

Unvorhersehbare, statistische Schwankungen in Messungen, die durch unkontrollierte Faktoren wie elektronisches Rauschen, Vibration oder Umwelteinflüsse verursacht werden.

Erklärung

Repeatedly measuring the same 10.000 cm rod might yield 9.998, 10.002, 9.999, 10.001 cm across different trials. These variations are random errors with zero mean over many measurements. Unlike systematic errors, random errors are reduced by averaging: 100 measurements reduce random error by a factor of 10 compared to a single measurement (proportional to 1/√n).

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