随机误差
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定义
由电子噪声、振动或环境波动等不可控因素引起的不可预测的统计性测量变动。
解释
Repeatedly measuring the same 10.000 cm rod might yield 9.998, 10.002, 9.999, 10.001 cm across different trials. These variations are random errors with zero mean over many measurements. Unlike systematic errors, random errors are reduced by averaging: 100 measurements reduce random error by a factor of 10 compared to a single measurement (proportional to 1/√n).
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