偶然誤差
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定義
電子ノイズ、振動、環境変動などの制御できない要因による測定値の予測不能な統計的変動。
解説
Repeatedly measuring the same 10.000 cm rod might yield 9.998, 10.002, 9.999, 10.001 cm across different trials. These variations are random errors with zero mean over many measurements. Unlike systematic errors, random errors are reduced by averaging: 100 measurements reduce random error by a factor of 10 compared to a single measurement (proportional to 1/√n).
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