校准
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定义
将测量仪器与已知参考标准进行比较和调整，以确保其读数准确的过程。
解释
A laboratory thermometer is calibrated by checking it at the ice point (0°C) and steam point (100°C) at standard atmospheric pressure. If it reads 0.3°C in ice water, a correction factor of −0.3°C is applied to all subsequent readings. Without regular calibration, instruments drift — a digital scale can gain or lose 0.5% accuracy per year.
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