校正（キャリブレーション）
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定義
測定器の読みが正確であることを確認するために、既知の基準と比較・調整する過程。
解説
A laboratory thermometer is calibrated by checking it at the ice point (0°C) and steam point (100°C) at standard atmospheric pressure. If it reads 0.3°C in ice water, a correction factor of −0.3°C is applied to all subsequent readings. Without regular calibration, instruments drift — a digital scale can gain or lose 0.5% accuracy per year.
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