折射率
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定义
介质的折射率（n）是光在真空中的速度（c）与在该介质中速度之比：n = c/v。
解释
Vacuum has n = 1 by definition; water is approximately 1.33, meaning light travels 33% slower in water than in vacuum. Diamond's high index of 2.42 causes the dramatic bending and internal reflection that gives cut diamonds their brilliance. Optical fiber uses the refractive index difference between core and cladding to confine light by total internal reflection.
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