屈折率
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定義
媒質の屈折率（n）は、真空中の光速（c）とその媒質中の光速の比：n = c/v。
解説
Vacuum has n = 1 by definition; water is approximately 1.33, meaning light travels 33% slower in water than in vacuum. Diamond's high index of 2.42 causes the dramatic bending and internal reflection that gives cut diamonds their brilliance. Optical fiber uses the refractive index difference between core and cladding to confine light by total internal reflection.
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