系统误差
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定义
由仪器、方法或实验设计缺陷引起的，测量值与真值之间一致且可重复的偏差。
解释
A scale with a 0.5 g offset reads every measurement as 0.5 g too high — this is a systematic error that averaging many measurements cannot eliminate. A thermometer not accounting for stem correction will always read slightly too low. Unlike random errors, systematic errors shift all readings in the same direction and require identifying and correcting the root cause.
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