系統誤差
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定義
機器、方法、または実験設計の欠陥によって生じる、測定値の真の値からの一定で再現性のあるずれ。
解説
A scale with a 0.5 g offset reads every measurement as 0.5 g too high — this is a systematic error that averaging many measurements cannot eliminate. A thermometer not accounting for stem correction will always read slightly too low. Unlike random errors, systematic errors shift all readings in the same direction and require identifying and correcting the root cause.
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