测量不确定度
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定义
与测量结果相关联的参数，表征可合理归属于被测量的值的分散性，以标准不确定度或扩展不确定度表示。
解释
A mass measurement of 100.35 g with an expanded uncertainty of ±0.05 g (coverage factor k=2, 95% confidence) means the true mass lies between 100.30 g and 100.40 g with 95% probability. Uncertainty has two components: Type A (statistical analysis of repeated readings) and Type B (from calibration certificates, specifications, and physical reasoning). GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) is the international standard for uncertainty calculation.
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