Engineering

熱膨張

定義

温度変化に応じて物質の体積が変化する傾向で、線膨張係数(CTE)として1/°Cまたは1/Kの単位で特徴づけられる。

解説

Steel expands about 12x10⁻⁶ per °C; a 100-meter steel bridge lengthens roughly 12 mm over a 100°C temperature swing. Engineers account for this with expansion joints in bridges, rail gaps, and building facades. Invar (an iron-nickel alloy) has a CTE near zero (1.2x10⁻⁶/°C), making it invaluable for precision instruments and telescope mirrors.

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