Engineering

応力

定義

外部から加えられた力によって材料内部に生じる単位面積あたりの力で、パスカル(Pa)または重量ポンド毎平方インチ(psi)で測定される。

解説

A 10,000 N load spread over 0.01 m² produces 1 MPa (megapascal) of stress. Structural steel yields at around 250 MPa and fractures near 400–500 MPa. Engineers design bridges and buildings to keep stresses well below material yield points, with safety factors typically of 1.5–3x. Stress concentration at holes, notches, or cracks can multiply local stress many times above the average.

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