Engineering

Déformation relative

Définition

La déformation relative est le rapport adimensionnel de la déformation d'un matériau (variation de longueur) à sa longueur initiale sous contrainte appliquée : ε = ΔL/L₀.

Explication

A 1-meter steel rod that stretches 0.001 m under load has a strain of 0.001, or 0.1%. Steel remains elastic (returns to original shape) up to strains of about 0.2%. Beyond the yield strain, permanent plastic deformation occurs. Strain gauges bonded to structures measure deformation electrically, enabling real-time monitoring of bridges, aircraft wings, and medical implants.

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