Engineering

Contrainte mécanique

Définition

La contrainte mécanique est la force interne par unité de surface à l'intérieur d'un matériau résultant de forces extérieures appliquées, mesurée en pascals (Pa) ou en livres par pouce carré (psi).

Explication

A 10,000 N load spread over 0.01 m² produces 1 MPa (megapascal) of stress. Structural steel yields at around 250 MPa and fractures near 400–500 MPa. Engineers design bridges and buildings to keep stresses well below material yield points, with safety factors typically of 1.5–3x. Stress concentration at holes, notches, or cracks can multiply local stress many times above the average.

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