Engineering

Spannung (mechanisch)

Definition

Spannung ist die innere Kraft pro Flächeneinheit in einem Material, die durch äußere Kräfte entsteht, gemessen in Pascal (Pa) oder Pfund pro Quadratzoll (psi).

Erklärung

A 10,000 N load spread over 0.01 m² produces 1 MPa (megapascal) of stress. Structural steel yields at around 250 MPa and fractures near 400–500 MPa. Engineers design bridges and buildings to keep stresses well below material yield points, with safety factors typically of 1.5–3x. Stress concentration at holes, notches, or cracks can multiply local stress many times above the average.

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