Engineering

응력

정의

외부에서 가해진 힘에 의해 재료 내부에 발생하는 단위 면적당 내력으로, Pa 또는 psi로 측정한다.

설명

A 10,000 N load spread over 0.01 m² produces 1 MPa (megapascal) of stress. Structural steel yields at around 250 MPa and fractures near 400–500 MPa. Engineers design bridges and buildings to keep stresses well below material yield points, with safety factors typically of 1.5–3x. Stress concentration at holes, notches, or cracks can multiply local stress many times above the average.

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